主要功能
單獨或同步測量葉綠素?zé)晒夂?P700
兩個光系統(tǒng)的誘導(dǎo)動力學(xué)曲線（包括快相和慢相）
兩個光系統(tǒng)的快速光曲線和光響應(yīng)曲線
淬滅分析、暗馳豫分析
典型的 P700 曲線測量
通過葉綠素?zé)晒夂?nbsp; P700 的同步測量獲知兩個光系統(tǒng)的電子傳遞動力學(xué)、電子載體庫的大小、圍繞 PSI 的環(huán)式電子傳遞動力學(xué)等
通過測量 P515/535 信號變化測量跨膜質(zhì)子動力勢 pmf 及其組分跨膜質(zhì)子梯度 ΔpH 和跨膜電位 Δψ
“P515 Flux”信號能原位反映活體樣品處于穩(wěn)態(tài)的偶聯(lián)電子和質(zhì)子的流動速率
通過測量 NADPH 熒光估算 NADP 的還原程度
通過測量 9-AA 熒光來估算跨膜質(zhì)子梯度 ΔpH
測量參數(shù)
PS II參數(shù)： Fo, Fm, F, Fm’, Fv/Fm, Y(II) 即 △F/Fm’, Fo’, qP, qL, qN, NPQ, Y(NPQ), Y(NO) 和 ETR(II) 等
PS I參數(shù)： P700, Pm, Pm’, P700ox, Y(I), Y(ND), Y(NA) 和 ETR(I) 等
P515/535參數(shù)：質(zhì)子動力勢pmf，跨膜質(zhì)子梯度 ΔpH，跨膜電位 Δψ 等
NADPH/9-AA參數(shù)：NADP 的還原程度，ΔpH 等
其他測量參數(shù)：Post-Illumination（鼓包），PQ-Pool（PQ庫）等
應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域
相當于兩臺 PAM-101/ 102/ 103 的功能，可同時測量光系統(tǒng)II活性（調(diào)制葉綠素?zé)晒猓┖凸庀到y(tǒng)I活性（P700 吸收變化），可用于、植物生理學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)、林學(xué)、園藝學(xué)等領(lǐng)域光合作用機理研究。
擴展模塊 P515/535 可測量跨膜質(zhì)子動力勢 pmf 及其組分跨膜質(zhì)子梯度 ΔpH 和跨膜電位 Δψ 等，是葉綠素循環(huán)和光保護研究的強大工具。
擴展模塊NADPH/9-AA，可測量 NADPH 熒光和 9-AA 熒光，估算 NADP 的還原程度和跨膜質(zhì)子梯度 ΔpH。
主要技術(shù)參數(shù)
主機：通用型（DUAL-C），可接標準檢測器，可擴展 P515/535，NADPH/9AA 等多種模塊。
P700 雙波長測量光：LED，830 nm 和 875 nm
PSII 熒光測量光：LED，460 nm（DUAL-DB）或 620 nm（DUAL-DR）
紅色光化光：LED 陣列，635 nm；最大連續(xù)光強 3000 μmol m-2 s-1
藍色光化光：LED，460 nm；最大連續(xù)光強 1100 μmol m-2 s-1
單周轉(zhuǎn)飽和閃光（ST）：200000 μmol m-2 s-1，5～50 μs 可調(diào)
多周轉(zhuǎn)飽和閃光（MT）：20000 μmol m-2 s-1，1～1000 ms 可調(diào)
遠紅光：720nm
選購指南
一、高等植物葉片測量基本款
系統(tǒng)組成：通用型主機，標準版檢測單元，數(shù)據(jù)線，工作臺，軟件等
注意：高等植物葉片測量紅光檢測器（Dual-DR）和藍光檢測器（Dual-DB）可任選其一
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| 高等植物葉片測量基本款 |
二、懸浮樣品測量基本款
系統(tǒng)組成：通用型主機，標準版檢測單元，懸浮液的光學(xué)單元，數(shù)據(jù)線，工作臺，軟件等
注意：藻類測量時，藍藻請選擇紅光檢測器（Dual-DR），其他藻類可選藍光檢測器（Dual-DB）
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| 懸浮樣品測量基本款 | |
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| 同步測量 PSII（紅色）和 PSI（藍色）的誘導(dǎo)曲線 | 同步測量 PSII（紅色）和 PSI（藍色）的光響應(yīng)曲線 | 典型的 P700 測量曲線 |
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| 打開飽和脈沖時葉綠素?zé)晒庑盘枺?span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">紅色）和 P700（藍色）信號變化 | 以線性時間測量的熒光快速動力學(xué)曲線 | 以對數(shù)時間測量的熒光快速動力學(xué)曲線 |
三、其他擴展模塊
擴展測量一：P515/535模塊
 | P515/535 模塊是 WALZ 公司為 DUAL-PAM-100 設(shè)計的測量模塊，可以直接連接 DUAL-PAM-100 的主機，測量 550-510 nm 的差式吸收以及 535 nm 波長的信號變化。P515/535 模塊可以測量光合器官的跨膜質(zhì)子動力勢（pmf）、跨膜電位（Δψ）、跨膜質(zhì)子梯度（ΔpH）和玉米黃素（Zea）變化等內(nèi)容。此外，該模塊還提供一種特殊的 “P515 Flux” 操作模式，可讓光化光以光-暗脈沖形式打開-關(guān)閉（1/1調(diào)制光/暗），原位測量活體樣品處于穩(wěn)態(tài)的偶聯(lián)電子和質(zhì)子的流動速率。 | ||
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| 通過測量 P515 變化得出質(zhì)子動力勢（pmf）兩個組分 Δψ 和 ΔpH | 通過測量535 nm變化得出質(zhì)子動力勢（pmf）及其組分ΔpH | 同步測量P515和535 nm信號的光響應(yīng)曲線 | |
擴展測量二：NADPH/9-AA 模塊
NADPH/9-AA 模塊是 WALZ 公司為 DUAL-PAM-100 設(shè)計的測量模塊，可以直接連接 DUAL-PAM-100 的主機，測量 NADPH 熒光和 9-AA 熒光。NADPH 熒光可用于估算 NADP 的還原程度，9-AA 熒光用于估算跨膜質(zhì)子梯度 ΔpH。該模塊的一個很大特色是與標準探頭聯(lián)用，在國際上第一次做到了同步測量葉綠素?zé)晒馀c NADPH 熒光。
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| NADPH 探頭圖示 | 同步測量 NADPH 熒光（藍色）與葉綠素?zé)晒猓?span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">紅色） |
擴展測量三：與光合儀 GFS-3000 聯(lián)用
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專為 DUAL-PAM-100 與 GFS-3000 的同步測量設(shè)計，由特制葉室（帶溫度和PAR傳感器）、風(fēng)扇、導(dǎo)光桿、電子盒與支架構(gòu)成。同步測量時，光源完全由 DUAL-PAM-100 的測量頭提供，氣體交換由 GFS-3000 的紅外分析器檢測，P700 和葉綠素?zé)晒庥?DUAL-PAM-100 的檢測器測量。 |
四、其他可選附件
1，Dual-DPD：單獨的光電二極管檢測器單元，通過導(dǎo)光桿連接到 ED?101US/MD 上，配置 NADPH 模塊時推薦選配。
2，Dual-DPM：單獨的光電倍增管檢測器單元，用于較稀的懸浮液熒光測量，需要裝配到 ED-101US/MD 上使用。必須要同時配置測量頭 DUAL-DB 或 DUAL-DR 來激發(fā)調(diào)制熒光。
3，ED-101US/T： 控溫裝置，安裝在 ED-101US/MD 上，為懸浮液控溫；可外接循環(huán)水浴來控溫,
4，US-SQS/WB： 球狀微型光量子探頭，可插入樣品杯中測量 PAR；由主機 DUAL-C 控制。
5，PHYTO-MS：磁力攪拌器，連接到光學(xué)單元 ED-101US/MD 的底部對懸浮液進行攪拌。
6，DUAL-OP：擬南芥等小葉片測量用適配器，特制透光小孔適配器套裝，直徑 7 mm、5 mm 和 3 mm，對于擬南芥等小葉片的 P700 測量非常重要！
產(chǎn)地：德國 WALZ
參考文獻
數(shù)據(jù)來源：光合作用文獻 Endnote 數(shù)據(jù)庫，更新至 2021 年 1月，文獻數(shù)量超過 10000 篇
原始數(shù)據(jù)來源：Google Scholar
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